Document Title: [65c816.txt (text file)]
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[GTE]
Microcircuits
CMOS 8/16-Bit Microprocessor Family
65sc802 is both software and pin-to-pin compatible with 6502.
G65SC802 / G65SC816 Data Sheets
* Features
* AC/DC Characteristics
* Functional Description
* Addressing Modes
* Notes on Instructions
* Interrupts
* Table 4. List of Mnemonics
* Table 5-7. Instructions
* Table 8. Opcode Matrix
* Table 9. Detailed Instruction Operation
* Figure 1. Block Diagram
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Jouko Valta (jopi@stekt.oulu.fi).
GTE G 65 SC 802 / G 65 SC 816
Microcircuits
CMOS 8/16-Bit Microprocessor Family
Features
Advanced CMOS design for low power consumption and increased
noise immunity
Emulation mode for total software compatibility with 6502 designs
Full 16-bit ALU, Accumulator, Stack Pointer, and Index Registers
Direct Register for ''zero page'' addressing
24 addressing modes (including 13 original 6502 modes)
Wait for Interrupt (WAI) and Stop the Clock (STP) instructions
for reduced power consumption and decreased interrupt latency
91 instructions with 255 opcodes
Co-Processor (COP) instruction and associated vector
Powerful Block Move instructions
Features (G65SC802 Only)
8-Bit Mode with both software and hardware (pin-to-pin) compatibility
with 6502 designs (64 KByte memory space)
Program selectable 16-bit operation
Choice of external or on-board clock generation
Features (G65SC816 Only)
Full 16-bit operation with 24 address lines for 16 MByte memory
Program selectable 8-Bit Mode for 6502 coding compatibility.
Valid Program Address (VPA) and Valid Data Address (VDA) outputs
for dual cache and DMA cycle steal implementation
Vector Pull (VP) output indicates when interrupt vectors are being
fetched. May be used for vectoring/prioritizing interrupts.
Abort interrupt and associated vector for interrupting any instruction
without modifying internal registers
Memory Lock (ML) for multiprocessor system implementation
General Description
The G65SC802 and G65SC816 are ADV-CMOS (ADVanced CMOS) 16-bit microprocessors
featuring total software compatibility with 8-bit NMOS and CMOS 6500 series
microprocessors. The G65SC802 is pin-to-pin compatible with 8-bit 6502 devices
currently available, while also providing full 16-bit internal operation. The
G65SC816 provides 24 address lines for 16 MByte addressing, while providing
both 8-bit and 16-bit operation.
Each microprocessor contains an Emulation (E) mode for emulating 8-bit NMOS
and CMOS 6500-Series microprocessors. A software switch determines whether the
processor is in the 8-bit ernulation mode or in the Native 16-bit mode.
This allows existing 8-bit system designs to use the many powerful features of
the G65SC802 and G65SC816.
The G65SC802 and G65SC816 provide the system engineer with many powerful
features and options. A 16-bit Direct Page Register is provided to augment the
Direct Page addressing mode, and there are separate Prograrn Bank Registers
for 24-bit memory addressing.
Other valuable features Include:
* An Abort input which can interrupt the current instruction without
modifying internal registers
* Valid Data Address (VDA) and Valid Prograrn Address (VPA) output swhich
facilitate dual cache memory by indicating whether a data or program
segment is being accessed.
* Vector modification by simply monitoring the Vector Pull (VP) output.
* Block Move Instructions
G65SC802 and G65SC816 microprocessors offer the design engineer a new freedom
of design and application, and the many advantages of state-of-the-art
ADV-CMOS technology.
This is advanced information and specifications are subject to change without notice.
Absolute Maximum Ratings: (Note 1)
Rating Symbol Value
Supply Voltage VDD -0.3V to +7.0V
Input Voltage Vin -0.3V to VDD +0.3V
Operating Temperature TA 0 �C to +70 �C
Storage Temperature Ts -55 �C to +150 �C
This device contains input protection against damage due to high static
voltages or electric fields; however, precautions should be taken to avoid
application of voltages higher than the maximum rating.
Notes:
1. Exceeding these ratings may cause permanent damage. Functional
operation under these conditions is not implied.
DC Chararacteristics (All Devices): VDD = 5.0V +-5%, VSS = OV, TA = 0 �C to +70 �C
Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit
Input High Voltage Vih
/RES, RDY, /IRQ, Data, /SO, BE 2.0 Vdd+0.3 V
/ABORT, /NMI, Phi2 (IN) 0.7Vdd Vdd+0.3 V
Input Low Voltage Vil
/RES, RDY, /IRQ, Data, /SO, BE -0.3 0.8 V
/ABORT, /NMI, Phi2 (IN) -0.3 0.2 V
Input Leakage Current (Vin = 0 to VDD) Iin
/RES, /NMI, /IRQ, /SO, BE
/ABORT (Internal Pullup) -100 1 uA
RDY (Internal Pullup, Open Drain) -100 10 uA
Phi2 (IN) -1 1 uA
Address, Data, R/W (Off State, BE = 0) -10 10 uA
Output High Voltage (Ioh = -100 uA) Voh
SYNC, Data, Address, R/W, ML, VP, M/X,
E, VDA, VPA, Phi1 (out), Phi2 (out) 0.7Vdd - V
Output Low Voltage (Ioh = -100 uA) Vol
SYNC, Data, Address, R/W, ML, VP, M/X,
E, VDA, VPA, Phi1 (out), Phi2 (out) - 0.4 V
Supply Current (No Load) Idd
f = 2 MHz - 10 mA
f = 4 MHz - 20 mA
f = 6 MHz - 30 mA
f = 8 MHz - 40 mA
Standby Current (No Load; Data Bus = Vss or VDD)
Phi2 (in) = /ABORT = /RES = /NMI = /IRQ = /SO = BE = VDD)
Isb - 10 uA
Capasitance (Vin = 0V, TA = 25�C, f = 2 MHz)
Logic, Phi2 (in) Cin - 10 pF
Address, Data, R/W (Off State) Cts - 15 pF
AC Chararacteristics (G65SC802): VDD = 5.0V +-5%, VSS = OV, TA = 0 �C to +70 �C
2 MHz 4 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz
Parameter Symbol Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Unit
Cycle Time tCYC 500 DC 250 DC 167 DC 125 DC nS
Clock Pulse Width Low tPWL 0.240 10 0.120 10 0.080 10 0.060 10 uS
Clock Pulse Width High tPWH 240 inf 120 inf 80 inf 60 inf nS
Fall Time, Rise Time tF,tR - 10 - 10 - 5 - 5 nS
Delay Time, Ph2 to Ph1 tDphi1 - 40 - 40 - 40 - 40 nS
Delay Time, Ph2 to Ph2 tDphi2 - 40 - 40 - 40 - 40 nS
A0-A15 Hold Time tAH 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
A0-A15 Setup Time tADS - 100 - 75 - 60 - 40 nS
Access Time tACC 365 - 130 - 87 - 70 - nS
Read Data Hold Time tDHR 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
Read Data Setup Time tDSR 40 - 30 - 20 - 15 - nS
Write Data Delay Time tMDS - 100 - 70 - 60 - 40 nS
Write Data Hold Time tDHW 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
CPU Control Setup Time tPCS 40 - 30 - 20 - 15 - nS
CPU Control Hold Time tPCH 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
E,MX Output Hold Time tEH 10 - 10 - 5 - 5 - nS
E,MX Output Setup Time tES 50 - 50 - 25 - 15 - nS
Capacitive Load (Address, Data, and R/W)
CEXT - 100 - 100 - 35 - 35 pF
Timing Notes:
1 Typical output load = 100 pF
2 Voltage levels are VL < 0.4V, VH > 2.4V
3 Timing measurement points are 0.8V and 2.0V
AC Chararacteristics (G65SC816): VDD = 5.0V +-5%, VSS = OV, TA = 0 �C to +70 �C
2 MHz 4 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz
Parameter Symbol Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Unit
Cycle Time tCYC 500 DC 250 DC 167 DC 125 DC nS
Clock Pulse Width Low tPWL 0.240 10 0.120 10 0.080 10 0.060 10 uS
Clock Pulse Width High tPWH 240 inf 120 inf 80 inf 60 inf nS
Fall Time, Rise Time tF,tR - 10 - 10 - 5 - 5 nS
A0-A15 Hold Time tAH 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
A0-A15 Setup Time tADS - 100 - 75 - 60 - 40 nS
BA0-BA7 Hold Time tBH 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
BA0-BA7 Setup Time tBAS - 100 - 90 - 65 - 45 nS
Access Time tACC 365 - 130 - 87 - 70 - nS
Read Data Hold Time tDHR 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
Read Data Setup Time tDSR 40 - 30 - 20 - 15 - nS
Write Data Delay Time tMDS - 100 - 70 - 60 - 40 nS
Write Data Hold Time tDHW 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
CPU Control Setup Time tPCS 40 - 30 - 20 - 15 - nS
CPU Control Hold Time tPCH 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - nS
E,MX Output Hold Time tEH 10 - 10 - 5 - 5 - nS
E,MX Output Setup Time tES 50 - 50 - 25 - 15 - nS
Capacitive Load (Address, Data, and R/W)
CEXT - 100 - 100 - 35 - 35 pF
BE to High Imp. State tBHZ - 30 - 30 - 30 - 30 nS
BE to Valid Data tBVD - 30 - 30 - 30 - 30 nS
Timing Notes:
1 Typical output load = 100 pF
2 Voltage levels are VL < 0.4V, VH > 2.4V
3 Timing measurement points are 0.8V and 2.0V
Functional Description
The G65SC802 offers the design engineer the opportunity to utilize both
existing software programs and hardware configurations, while also
achieving the added advantages of increased register lengths and faster
execution times. The G65SC802's "ease of use" design and implementation
features provide the designer with increased flexibility and reduced
implementation costs In the Emulation mode, the G65SC802 not only offers
software compatibility, but is also hardware (pin-to-pin) compatible with
6502 designs plus it provides the advantages of 16-bit internal operation
in 6502-compatible applications. The G65SC802 is an excellent direct
replacement microprocessor for 6502 designs.
The G65SC816 provides the design engineer with upward mobility and software
compatibility in applications where a 16-bit system configuration is desired.
The G65SC816's 16-bit hardware configuration, coupled with current software
allows a wide selection of system applications. In the Emulation mode, the
G65SC816 ofters many advantages, including full software compatibility with
6502 coding. In addition, the G65SC816's powerful instruction set and
addressing modes make it an excellent choice for new 16-bit designs.
Internal organization of the G65SC802 and G65SC816 can be divided into two
parts: 1) The Register Section, and 2) The Control Section Instructions
(or opcodes) obtained from program memory are executed by implementing a
series of data transfers within the Register Section.
Signals that cause data transfers to be executed are generated within the
Control Section. Both the G65SC802 and the G65SC816 have a 16-bit internal
architecture with an 8-bit external data bus.
Instructlon Register and Decode
An opcode enters the processor on the Data Bus, and is latched into the
Instruction Register during the instruction fetch cycle. This instruction is
then decoded, along with timing and interrupt signals, to generate the
various Instruction Register control signals.
Timing Control Unit (TCU)
The Timing Control Unit keeps track of each instruction cycle as it is
executed. The TCU is set to zero each time an instruction fetch is executed,
and is advanced at the beginning of each cycle for as many cycles as is
required to complete the instruction Each data transfer between registers
depends upon decoding the contents of both the Instruction Register and
the Timing Control Unit.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
All arithmetic and logic operations take place within the 16-bit ALU. In
addition to data operations, the ALU also calculates the effective address
for relative and indexed addressing modes. The result of a data operation
is stored in either memory or an internal register. Carry, Negative, Over-
flow and Zero flags may be updated following the ALU data operation.
Internal Registers (Refer to Figure 2, Programming Model)
Accumulator (A)
The Accumulator is a general purpose register which stores one of the
operands, or the result of most arithmetic and logical operations. In the
Native mode (E=0), when the Accumulator Select Bit (M) equals zero, the
Accumulator is established as 16 bits wide. When the Accumulator Select
Bit (M) equals one, the Accumulator is 8 bits wide. In this case, the upper
8 bits (AH) may be used for temporary storage in conjunction with the
Exchange AH and AL instruction.
Data Bank (DB)
During the Native mode (E=0), the 8-bit Data Bank Register holds the default
bank address for memory transfers. The 24-bit address is composed of the
16-bit instruction effective address and the 8-bit Data Bank address. The
register value is multiplexed with the data value and is present on the
Data/Address lines during the first half of a data transfer memory cycle for
the G65SC816. The Data Bank Register is initialized to zero during Reset.
Direct (D)
The 16-bit Direct Register provides an address offset for all instructions
using direct addressing. The effective bank zero address is formed by adding
the 8-bit instruction operand address to the Direct Register. The Direct
Register is initialized to zero during Reset.
Index (X and Y)
There are two Index Registers (X and Y) which may be used as general purpose
registers or to provide an index value for calculation of the effective
address. When executing an instruction with indexed addressing, the
microprocessor fetches the opcode and the base address, and then modifies the
address by adding the Index Register contents to the address prior to
performing the desired operation.
Pre-indexing or postindexing of Indirect addresses may be selected. In the
Native mode (E=0), both Index Registers are 16 bits wide (providing the Index
Select Bit (X) equals zero). If the Index Select Bit (X) equals one, both
registers will be 8 bits wide.
Processor Status (P)
The 8-bit Processor Status Register contains status flags and mode select bits.
The Carry (C), Negative (N). Overflow (V), and Zero (Z) status flags serve to
report the status ot most ALU operations. These status flags are tested by use
of Conditional Branch instructions. The Decimal (D), IRQ Disable (I), Memory,
Accumuiator (M), and Index (X) bits are used as mode select flags. These flags
are set by the program to change microprocessor operations.
The Emulation (E) select and the Break (B) flags are accessible only through
the Processor Status Register. The Emulation mode select flag is selected by
the Exchange Carry and Emulation Bits (XCE) instruction.
Table 2, G65SC802 and G65SC816 Mode Comparison, illustrates the features of
the Native (E=0) and Emulation (E=1) modes. The M and X flags are always equal
to one in the Emulation mode. When an interrupt occurs during the Emulation
mode, the Break flag is written to stack memory as bit 4 of the Processor
Status Register.
Program Bank (PB)
The 8-bit Program Bank Register holds the bank address for all instruction
fetches. The 24-bit address consists of the 16-bit instruction effective
address and the 8-bit Program Bank address. The register value is multiplexed
with the data value and presented on the Data/Address lines during the first
half of a program memory read cycle. The Program Bank Register is initialized
to zero during Reset.
Program Counter (PC)
The 16-bit Program Counter Register provides the addresses which are used to
step the microprocessor through sequential program instructions. The register
is incremented each time an instruction or operand is fetched from program
memory.
Stack Pointer (S)
The Stack Pointer is a 16-bit register which is used to indicate the next
available location in the stack memory area. It serves as the effective address
in stack addressing modes as well as subroutine and interrupt processing. The
Stack Pointer allows simple implementation of nested subroutines and multiple-
level interrupts. During the Emulation mode, the Stack Pointer high-order byte
(SH) is always equal to 01. The Bank Address is 00 for all Stack operations.
Signal Description
The following Signal Description applies to both the G65SC802 and the
SSC816 except as otherwise noted.
Abort (/ABORT) -- G65SC816
The Abort input prevents modification of any internal registers during
execution of the current instruction. Upon completion of this instruction,
an interrupt sequence is initiated. The location of the aborted opcode is
stored as the return address in Stack memory. The Abort vector address is
00FFF8, 9 (Emulation mode) or 00FFE8, 9 (Native mode). Abort is asserted
whenever there is a low level on the Abort input. and the Phi2 clock is high.
The Abort internal latch is cleared during the second cycle of the interrupt
sequence. This signal may be used to handle out-of-bounds memory references
in virtual memory systems.
Address Bus (A0-A15)
These sixteen output lines form the Address Bus for memory and I/O exchange on
the Data Bus. When using the G65SC816, the address lines may be set to the
high impedance state by the Bus Enable (BE) signal.
Bus Enable (BE)
The Bus Enable input signal allows external control of the Address and Data
Buffers, as well as the R/W signal With Bus Enable high, the R/W and Address
Buffers are active. The Data/Address Buffers are active during the first half
of every cycle and the second half of a write cycle. When BE is low, these
buffers are disabled. Bus Enable is an asynchronous signal.
Data Bus (D0-D7) -- G65SC802
The eight Data Bus lines provide an 8-bit bidirectional Data Bus for use
during data exchanges between the microprocessor and external memory or
peripherals. Two memory cycles are required for the transfer of 16-bit values.
Data/Address Bus (D0/BA0-D7/BA7) -- G65SC816
These eight lines multiplex bits BAO-BA7 with the data value. The Bank Address
is present during the first half of a memory cycle, and the data value is read
or written during the second half of the memory cycle.
The Bank address external transparent latch should be latched when the Phi2
clock is high or RDY is low. Two memory cycles are required to transfer 16-bit
values. These lines may be set to the high impedance state by the Bus Enable
(BE) signal.
Emulation Status (E) -- G65SC816 (Also Applies to G65SC802, 44-Pin Version)
The Emulation Status output reflects the state of the Emulation (E) mode flag
in the Processor Status (P) Register. This signal may be thought of an opcode
extension and used for memory and system management.
Interrupt Request (/IRQ)
The Interrupt Request input signal is used to request that an interrupt
sequence be initiated. When the IRQ Disable (I) flag is cleared, a low input
logic level initiates an interrupt sequence after the current instruction is
completed. The Wait for Interrupt (WAI) instruction may be executed to ensure
the interrupt will be recognized immediately. The Interrupt Request vector
address is 00FFFE,F (Emulation mode) or 00FFEE,F (Native mode). Since IRQ is a
level-sensitive input, an interrupt will occur if the interrupt source was not
cleared since the last interrupt.
Also, no interrupt will occur if the interrupt source is cleared prior to
interrupt recognition.
Memory Lock (/ML) -- G65SC816 (Also Applies to G65SC802, 44-Pin Version)
The Memory Lock output may be used to ensure the integrity of Read-Modify-Write
instructions in a multiprocessor system. Memory Lock indicates the need to
defer arbitration of the next bus cycle. Memory Lock is low during the last
three or five cycles of ASL, DEC, INC, LSR, ROL, ROR, TRB, and TSB memory
referencing instructions, depending the state of the M flag.
Memory/Index Select Status (M/X) -- G65SC816
This multiplexed output reflects the state ot the Accumulator (M) and index (X)
select flags (bits 5 and 4 of the Processor Status (P) Register).
Flag M is valid during the Phi2 clock positive transition. Instructions PLP,
REP, RTI and SEP may change the state of these bits. Note that the M/X output
may be invalid in the cycle following a change in the M or X bits. These bits
may be thought of as opcode extensions and may be used for memory and system
management.
Non-Maskable Interrupt (/NMI)
A high-to-low transition initiates an intenupt sequence after the current
instruction is completed. The Wait for Interrupt (WAI) instruction may be
executed to ensure that the interrupt will be recognized immediately. The
Non-Maskable Interrupt vector address is 00FFFA,B (Emulation mode) or 00FFEA,B
(Native mode). Since NMI is an edge-sensitive Input, an interrupt will occur
if there is a negative transition while servicing a previous interrupt. Also,
no interrupt will occur if NMI remains low.
Phase 1 Out (Phi1 (OUT)) -- G65SC802
This inverted clock output signal provides timing for external read and write
operations. Executing the Stop (STP) instruction holds this clock in the low
state.
Phase 2 In (Phi2 (IN))
This is the system clock input to the microprocessor internal clock generator
(equivalent to Phi0 (IN) on the 6502). During the low power Standby Mode, Phi2
(IN) should be held in the high state to preserve the contents of internal
registers.
Phase 2 Out (Phi2 (OUT)) -- G65SC802
This clock output signal provides timing for external read and write
operations. Addresses are valid (after the Address Setup Time (TADS))
following the negative transition of Phase 2 Out. Executing the Stop (STP)
instruction holds Phase 2 Out in the High state.
Read/Write (R/W)
When the R/W output signal is in the high state, the microprocessor is reading
data from memory or I/O. When in the low state, the Data Bus contains valid
data from the microprocessor which is to be stored at the addressed memory
location. When using the G65SC816, the R/W signal may be set to the high
impedance state by Bus Enable (BE).
Ready (RDY)
This bidirectional signal indicates that a Wait for Interrupt (WAI) instruction
has been executed allowing the user to halt operation of the microprocessor.
A low input logic level will halt the microprocessor in its current state (note
that when in the Emulation mode, the G65SC802 stops only during a read cycle).
Returning RDY to the active high state allows the microprocessor to continue
following the next Phase 2 In Clock negative transition. The RDY signal is
internally pulled low following the execution of a Wait for Interrupt (WAI)
instruction, and then returned to the high state when a /RES, /ABORT, /NMI, or
/IRQ external interrupt is provided. This feature may be used to eliminate
interrupt latency by placing the WAI instruction at the beginning of the IRQ
servicing routine. If the IRQ Disable flag has been set, the next instruction
will be executed when the IRQ occurs. The processor will not stop after a WAI
instruction if RDY has been forced to a high state. The Stop (STP) instruction
has no effect on RDY.
Reset (/RES)
The Reset input is used to initialize the microprocessor and start program
execution. The Reset input buffer has hysteresis such that a simple R-C timing
circuit may be used with the internal pullup device. The /RES signal must be
held low for at least two clock cycles after VDD reaches operating voltage.
Ready (RDY) has no effect while RES is being held low. During this Reset
conditioning period, the following processor initialization takes place:
Registers
D = 0000 SH = 01
DB = 00 XH = 00
PB = 00 YH = 00
N V M X D I Z C/E
P = * * 1 1 0 1 * */1
* = Not Initialized
STP and WAI instructions are cleared.
Signals
E = 1 VDA = 0
M/X = 1 /VP = 1
R/W = 1 VPA = 0
SYNC = 0
When Reset is brought high, an interrupt sequence is initiated:
* R/W remains in the high stale during the stack address cycles.
* The Reset vector address is 00FFFC,D.
Set Overtlow (/SO) -- G65SC802
A negative transition on this input sets the Overflow (V) flag, bit 6 of the
Processor Status (P) Register.
Synchronlze (SYNC) -- G65SC802
The SYNC output is provided to identify those cycles during which the
microprocessor is fetching an opcode. The SYNC signal is high during an opcode
fetch cycle, and when combined with Ready (RDY), can be used for single
instruction execution.
Valid Data Address (VDA) and
Valid Program Address (VPA) -- G65SC816
These two output signals indicate the type of memory being accessed by
the address bus. The following coding applies:
VDA VPA
0 0 Internal Operation -- Address and Data Bus available. Address
outputs may be invalid due to low byte additions only.
0 1 Valid program address -- may be used for program cache control.
1 0 Valid data address -- may be used for data cache control.
1 1 Opcode fetch -- may be used for program cache control
and single step control.
VDD and Vss
VDD Vss the positive supply voltage and Vss is system ground. When
using only one ground on the G65SC802 DIP package, pin 21 preferred.
Vector Pull (VP) -- G65SC816 (Also Applies to G65SC802 44-Pin Version)
The Vector Pull output indicates that a vector location is being addressed
during an interrupt sequence. /VP is low during the last two interrupt sequence
cycles, during which time the processor reads the interrupt vector. The /VP
signal may be used to select and prioritize interrupts from several sources by
modifying the vector addresses.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
DB DB Data Bank Register
XH XL Index Register (X)
YH YL Index Register (Y)
00 SH SL Stack Pointer (S)
AH AL Accumulator (A)
PB PCH PCL Program Counter (PC)
Program Bank Register (PB)
00 DH DL Direct Register (D)
L = Low, H = High
Processor Status Register (P)
____________________________
| 1 B E |
|__________________________|
| N V M X D I Z C |
|__________________________|
1 Always 1 if E=1
B Break 0 on Stack after interupt if E=1
E Emulation Bit 0= Native mode, 1= 6502 emulation
N Negative 1= Negative
V Overflow 1= True
M Memory/Acc. Select 1= 8 bit, 0= 16 bit
X Index Register Select 1= 8 bit, 0= 16 bit
D Decimal mode 1= Decimal Mode
I IRQ Disable 1= Disable
Z Zero 1= Result Zero
C Carry 1= True
Figure 2. Programming model
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Table 1. G65SC802 and G65SC816 Compability
Function G65SC802/816 G65SC02 NMOS 6502
Emulation
Decimal Mode:
* After Interrupts 0 -> D 0 -> D Not initialized
* N, Z Flags Valid Valid Undefined
* ADC, SBC No added cycle Add 1 cycle No added cycle
Read-Modify-Write:
* Absolute Indexed, No Page Crossing
7 cycles 6 cycles 7 cycles
* Write Last 2 cycles Last cycle Last 2 cycles
* Memory Lock Last 3 cycles Last 2 cycles Not available
Jump Indirect:
* Cycles 5 cycles 6 cycles 5 cycles
* Jump Address, operand = xxFF Correct Correct Invalid
Branch or Index Across Page Boundary
Read last Read last Read invalid
program byte program byte address
0 -> RDY During Write G65SC802: Ignored Processor Ignored until
until read stops read
G65SC816: Processor
stops
Write During Reset No Yes No
Unused Opcodes No operation No operation Undefined
Phi1 (OUT), Phi2 (OUT), /SO, SYNC Signals
Available with Available Available
G65SC802 only
RDY Signal Bidirectional Input Input
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Table 2. G65SC802 and G65SC816 Mode Comparison
Function Emulation (E = 1) Native (E = 0)
Stack Pointer (S) 8 bits in page 1 16 bits
Direct Index Address Wrap within page Crosses page boundary
Processor Status (P):
* Bit 4 Always one, except zero X flag (8/16-bit Index)
in stack after hardware
interrupt
* Bit 5 Always one M flag (8/16-bit Accumulator)
Branch Across Paqe Boundary
4 cycles 3 cycles
Vector Locations:
ABORT 00FFF8,9 00FFF8,9
BRK 00FFFE,F 00FFF6,7
COP 00FFF4,5 00FFF4,5
IRQ 00FFFE,F 00FFFE,F
NMI 00FFFA,B 00FFFA,B
RES 00FFFC,D 00FFFC,D (1 -> E)
Program Bank (PB) During Interrupt, RTI
Not pushed, pulled Pushed and pulled
0 -> RDY During Write
G65SC802: Ignored until read Processor stops
G65SC816: Processor stops
Write During Read-Modify-Write
Last 2 cycles Last 1 or 2 cycles depending
on M flag
G65SC802 and G65SC816
Microprocessor Addressing modes
The G65SC816 is capable of directly addressing 16 MBytes of memory.
This address space has special significance within certain addressing
modes, as follows:
Reset and Interrupt Vectors
The Reset and Interrupt vectors use the majority of the fixed addresses
between 00FFE0 and 00FFFF.
Stack
The Native mode Stack address will always be within the range 000000 to
00FFFF. In the Emulation mode, the Stack address range is 000100 to 0001FF.
The following opcodes and addressing modes can increment or decrement beyond
this range when accessing two or three bytes:
JSL; JSR (a,x); PEA; PEI; PER; PHD; PLD; RTL; d,s; (d,s),y.
Direct
The Direct addressing modes are often used to access memory registers and
pointers. The contents of the Direct Register (D) is added to the offset
contained in the instruction operand to produce an address in the range 000000
to 00FFFF. Note that in the Emulation mode, [Direct] and [Direct],y addressing
modes and the PEI instruction will increment from 0000FE or 0000FF into the
Stack area, even if D=0.
Program Address Space
The Program Bank register is not affected by the Relative, Relative Long,
Absolute, Absolute Indirect, and Absolute Indexed Indirect addressing modes
or by incrementing the Program Counter from FFFF. The only instructions that
affect the Program Bank register are: RTI, RTL, JML, JSL, and JMP Absolute
Long. Program code may exceed 64K bytes altough code segments may not span
bank boundaries.
Data Address Space
The data address space is contiguous throughout the 16 MByte address space.
Words, arrays, records, or any data structures may span 64K byte bank
boundaries with no compromise in code efficiency. As a result, indexing from
page FF in the G65SC802 may result in data accessed in page zero. The
following addressing modes generate 24-bit effective addresses.
* Direct Indexed Indirect (d,x)
* Direct Indirect Indexed (d),y
* Direct Indirect (d)
* Direct Indirect Long [d]
* Direct Indirect Indexed Long [d],y
* Absolute
* Absolute,x
* Absolute,y
* Absolute long
* Absolute long indexed
* Stack Relative Indirect Indexed (d,s),y
The following addressing mode descriptions provide additional detail as
to how effective addresses are calculated.
Twenty-four addressing modes are available for use with the G65SC802
and G65SC816 microprocessors. The "long" addressing modes may be
used with the G65SC802; however, the high byte of the address is not
available to the hardware. Detailed descriptions of the 24 addressing
modes are as follows:
1. Immediate Addressing -- #
The operand is the second byte (second and third bytes when in the 16-bit
mode) of the instruction.
2. Absolute -- a
With Absolute addressing the second and third bytes of the instruction form
the low-order 16 bits of the effective address. The Data Bank Register
contains the high-order 8 bits of the operand address.
__________________________
Instruction: | opcode | addrl | addrh |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Operand
Address: | DB | addrh | addrl |
3. Absolute Long -- al
The second, third, and fourth byte of the instruction form the 24-bit
effective address.
__________________________________
Instruction: | opcode | addrl | addrh | baddr |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Operand
Address: | baddr | addrh | addrl |
4. Direct -- d
The second byte of the instruction is added to the Direct Register
(D) to form the effective address. An additional cycle is required
when the Direct Register is not page aligned (DL not equal 0). The
Bank register is always 0.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
Operand
Address: | 00 | effective address |
5. Accumulator -- A
This form of addressing always uses a single byte instruction. The
operand is the Accumulator.
6. Implied -- i
Implied addressing uses a single byte instruction. The operand is implicitly
defined by the instruction.
7. Direct Indirect Indexed -- (d),y
This address mode is often referred to as Indirect,Y. The second byte of the
instruction is added to the Direct Register (D). The 16-bit contents of this
memory location is then combined with the Data Bank register to form a 24-bit
base address. The Y Index Register is added to the base address to form the
effective address.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| 00 | direct address |
then:
| 00 | (direct address) |
+ | DB |
-------------------------------
| base address |
+ | | Y Reg |
------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
8. Direct Indirect Indexed Long -- [d],y
With this addressing mode the 24-bit base address is pointed to by
the sum of the second byte of the instruction and the Direct
Register The effective address is this 24-bit base address plus the Y
Index Register
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| 00 | direct address |
then:
| (direct address) |
+ | | Y Reg |
------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
9. Direct Indexed Indirect -- (d,x)
This address mode is often referred to as Indirect X The second
byte of the Instruction is added to the sum of the Direct Register
and the X Index Register. The result points to the low-order 16 bits
of the effective address. The Data Bank Register contains the high-
order 8 bits of the effective address.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| direct address |
+ | | X Reg |
---------------------
| 00 | address |
then:
| 00 | (address) |
+ | DB |
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
10. Direct Indexed With X -- d,x
The second byte of the instruction is added to the sum of the Direct Register
and the X Index Register to form the 16-bit effective address. The operand is
always in Bank 0.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| direct address |
+ | | X Reg |
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | 00 | effective address |
11. Direct Indexed With Y -- d,y
The second byte of the instruction is added to the sum of the Direct Register
and the Y Index Register to form the 16-bit effective address. The operand is
always in Bank 0.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| direct address |
+ | | Y Reg |
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | 00 | effective address |
12. Absolute Indexed With X -- a,x
The second and third bytes of the instruction are added to the
X Index Register to form the low-order 16 bits of the ef~ective ad-
dress The Data Bank Register contains the high-order 8 bits of the
effective address
____________________________
Instruction: | opcode | addrl | addrh |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| DB | addrrh | addrl |
+ | | X Reg |
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
13. Absolute Indexed With Y -- a,y
The second and third bytes of the instruction are added to the
Y Index Register to form the low-order 16 bits of the eftective ad-
dress The Data Bank Register contains the high-order 8 bits of tne
effective address.
____________________________
Instruction: | opcode | addrl | addrh |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| DB | addrrh | addrl |
+ | | Y Reg |
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
14. Absolute Long Indexed With X -- al,x
The second third and fourth bytes ot the instruction form a 24-bit base
address. The effective address is the sum of this 24-bit address and the
X Index Register.
____________________________________
Instruction: | opcode | addrl | addrh | baddr |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| baddr | addrrh | addrl |
+ | | X Reg |
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
15. Program Counter Relative -- r
This address mode referred to as Relative Addressing is used only with the
Branch instructions. If the conditlon being tested is met, the second byte
of the instruction is added to the Program Counter, which has been updated
to point to the opcode of the next instruction. The offset is a signed 8-bit
quantity in the range from -128 to 127 The Program Bank Register is not
affected.
16. Program Counter Relative Long -- rl
This address mode referred to as Relative Long Addressing is used only with
the Unconditional Branch Long instruction (BRL) and the Push Effective
Relative instruction (PER). The second and third 2 bytes of the instruction
are added to the Program Counter which has been updated to point to the opcode
of the next instruction. With the branch instruction the Program Counter is
loaded with the result With the Push Effective Relative instruction the result
is stored on the stack. The offset and result are both an unsigned 16-bit
quantity in the range 0 to 65535.
17. Absolute Indirect -- (a)
The second and third bytes of the instruction form an address to a pointer
in Bank 0. The Program Counter is loaded with the first and second bytes at
this pointer With the Jump Long (JML) instruction the Program Bank Register
is loaded with the third byte of the pointer
____________________________
Instruction: | opcode | addrl | addrh |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| baddr | addrrh | addrl |
Indirect Address = | 00 | addrh | addrl |
New PC = (indirect address)
with JML:
New PC = (indirect address)
New PB = (indirect address +2)
18. Direct Indirect -- (d)
The second byte of the instruction is added to the Direct Register to form
a pointer to the low-order 16 bits of the effective address. The Data Bank
Register contains the high-order 8 bits of the effective address.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| 00 | direct address |
then:
| 00 | (direct address) |
+ | DB |
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
19. Direct Indirect Long -- [d]
The second byte of the instruction is added to the Direct Register to form
a pointer to the 24-bit effective address.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Direct Register |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| 00 | direct address |
then:
-------------------------------
Operand
Address: | (direct address) |
20. Absolute Indexed Indirect -- (a,x)
The second and third bytes of the instruction are added to the X Index
Register to form a 16-bit pointer in Bank 0. The contents of this pointer
are loaded in the Program Counter. The Program Bank Register is not changed.
____________________________
Instruction: | opcode | addrl | addrh |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| addrrh | addrl |
+ | | X Reg |
-------------------------------
| 00 | address |
then:
PC = (address)
21. Stack -- s
Stack addressing refers to all instructions that push or pull data from the
stack such as Push, Pull, Jump to Subroutine, Return from Subroutine,
Interrupts, and Return from Interrupt. The bank address is always 0.
Interrupt Vectors are always fetched from Bank 0.
22. Stack Relative -- d,s
The low-order 16 bits of the effective address is formed from the sum of the
second byte of the instruction and the Stack Pointer. The high-order 8 bits
of the effective address is always zero. The relative offset is an unsigned
8-bit quantity in the range of 0 to 255.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Stack Pointer |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| 00 | effective address |
23. Stack Relative Indirect Indexed -- (d,s),y
The second byte of the instruction is added to the Stack Pointer to form
a pointer to the low-order 16-bit base address in Bank 0. The Data Bank
Register contains the high-order 8 bits of the base address. The effective
address is the sum of the 24-bit base address and the Y Index Register.
___________________
Instruction: | opcode | offset |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Stack Pointer |
+ | offset |
---------------------
| 00 | S + offset |
then:
| S + offset |
+ | DB |
-------------------------------
| base address |
+ | | Y Reg |
------------------------------
Operand
Address: | effective address |
24. Block Source Bank, Destination Bank -- xyc
This addressing mode is used by the Block Move instructions.
The second byte of the instruction contains the high-order 8 bits of the
destination address.
The Y Index Register contains the low-order 16 bits of the destination
address. The third byte of the instruction contains the high-order 8 bits
of the source address.
The X Index Register contains the low-order 16 bits of the source address.
The Accumulator contains one less than the number of bytes to move.
The second byte of the block move instructions is also loaded into the Data
Bank Register.
____________________________
Instruction: | opcode | dstbnk | srcbnk |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dstbnk -> DB
Source Address: | scrbnk | X reg |
Destination Address: | DB | Y reg |
Increment (MVN) or decrement (MVP) X and Y.
Decrement A (if greaterthan zero) then PC-3 -> PC.
Notes on G65SC802/816 Instructions
All Opcodes Function in All Modes of Operation
It should be noted that all opcodes function in all modes of operation.
However, some instructions and addressing modes are intended for G65SC816
24-bit addressing and are therefore less useful for the G65SC802. The
following is a list of Instructions and addressing modes which are primarily
intended for G65SC816 use:
JSL; RTL; [d]; [d],y; JMP al; JML; al; al,x
The following instructions may be used with the G65SC802 even though a
Bank Address is not multiplexed on the Data Bus:
PHK; PHB; PLB
The following instructions have "limited" use in the Emulation mode.
* The REP and SEP instructions cannot modify the M and X bits when in the
Emulation mode. In this mode the M and X bits will always be high (logic 1).
* When in the Emulation mode, the MVP and MVN instructions only move date
in page zero since X and Y Index Register high byte is zero.
Indirect Jumps
The JMP (a) and JML (a) instructions use the direct Bank for indirect
addressing, while JMP (a,x) and JSR (a,x) use the Program Bank for indirect
address tables.
Switching Modes
When switching from the Native mode to the Emulation mode, the X and M bits
of the Status Register are set high (logic 1), the high byte of the Stack is
set to 01, and the high bytes of the X and Y Index Registers are set to 00.
To save previous values, these bytes must always be stored before changing
modes. Note that the low byte of the S, X and Y Registers and the low and high
byte of the Accumulator AL and AH are not affected by a mode change.
WAI Instruction
The WAI instruction pulls RDY low and places the processor in the WAI
"low power" mode. /NMI, /IRQ or /RESET will terminate the WAI condition and
transfer control to the interrupt handler routine. Note that an /ABORT input
will abort the WAI instruction, but will not restart the processor. When the
Status Register I flag is set (IRQ disabled), the IRQ interrupt will cause the
next instruction (following the WAI instruction) to be executed without going
to the IRQ interrupt handler. This method results in the highest speed response
to an IRQ input. When an interrupt is received after an ABORT which occurs
during the WAI instruction, the processor will return to the WAI instruction.
Other than RES (highest priority), ABORT is the next highest priority, followed
by NMI or IRQ interrupts.
STP Instruction
The STP instruction disables the Phi2 clock to all circuitry. When disabled,
the Phi2 clock is held in the high state. In this case, the Data Bus will
remain in the data transfer state and the Bank address will not be multiplexed
onto the Data Bus. Upon executing the STP instruction, the /RES signal is the
only input which can restart the processor. The processor is restarted by
enabling the Phi2 clock, which occurs on the falling edge of the /RES input.
Note that the external oscillator must be stable and operating properly before
RES goes high.
Tranters trom 8-Bit to 16-Bit, or 16-Bit to 8-Bit Registers
All transfefs from one register to another will result in a full 16-bit output
from the source register. The destination register size will determine the
number of bits actually stored in the destination register and the values
stored in the processor Status Register. The following are always 16-bit
transfers, regardless of the accumulator size:
TCS; TSC; TCD; TDC
Stack Transfers
When in the Emulation mode, a 01 is forced into SH. In this case, the B
Accumulator will not be loaded into SH during a TCS instruction. When in the
Native mode, the B Accumulator is transferred to SH. Note that in both the
Emulation and Native modes, the full 16 bits of the Stack Register are
transferred to the Accumulator, regardless of the state of the M bit in the
Status Register.
Interrupt Processing Sequence
The interrupt processing sequence is initiated as the direct result of hard-
vare Abort, Interrupt Request, Non-Maskable Interrupt, or Reset inputs.
The interrupt sequence can also be initiated as a result of the Break or
Co-Processor instructions within the software. The following listings
describe the function of each cycle in the interrupt processing sequence:
Hardware Interrupt /ABORT, /IRQ, /NMI, /RES Inputs
Cycle No.
E = 0 E = 1 Address Data R/W SYNC VDA VPA VP Description
1 1 PC X 1 1 1 1 1 Internal Operation
2 2 PC X 1 0 0 0 1 Internal Operation
3 [1] S PB 0 0 1 0 1 Write PB to Stack, S-1�S
4 3 S PCH [2] 0[3] 0 1 0 1 Write PCH to Stack, S-1�S
5 4 S PCL 12] 0[3] 0 1 0 1 Write PCL to Stack, S-1�S
6 5 S P [4] 0[3] 0 1 0 1 Write P to Stack, S-1�S
7 6 VL (VL) 1 0 1 0 0 Read Vector Low Byte,
0->PD, 1->P1, OO->PB
8 7 VH (VH) 1 0 1 0 0 Read Vector High 8yte
Software Interrupt - BRK, COP Instructions
Cycle No.
E = 0 E = 1 Address Data R/W SYNC VDA VPA VP Description
1 1 PC-2 X 1 1 1 1 1 Opcode
2 2 PC-1 X 1 0 0 1 1 Signature
3 111 S PB 0 0 1 0 1 Write PB to Stack, S-1�S
4 3 S PCH 0 0 1 0 1 Write PCH to Stack, S-1 - S
5 4 S PCL 0 0 1 0 1 Write PCL to Stack, S-1�S
6 5 S P 0 0 1 0 1 Write P to Stack, S-1�S
7 6 VL (VL) 1 0 1 0 0 Read Vector Low Byte,
0�Po, 1�Pl, 00�PB
8 7 VH (VH) 1 0 1 0 0 Read Vector High Byte
Notes:
[1] Delete this cycle in Emulation mode.
[2] Abort writes address of aborted opcode.
[3] R/W remains in the high state during Reset.
[4] In Emulation mode, bit 4 written to stack is changed to 0.
Table 3. Vector Locations
Emulation Native Priority
Name Source (E = 1) (E = 0) Level
ABORT Hardware 00FFF8,9 00FFE8,9 2
BRK Software 00FFFE,F 00FFE6,7 N/A
COP Software 00FFF4,5 00FFE4,5 N/A
IRQ Hardware 00FFFE,F 00FFEE,F 4
NMI Hardware 00FFFA,B 00FFEA,B 3
RES Hardware 00FFFC.D 00FFFC,D 1
Table 4. G65SC802 and G65SC816 Instruction Set -- Alphabetical Sequence
ADC Add Memory to Accumulator with Carry
AND "AND" Memory with Accumulator
ASL Shift One Bit Left, Memory or Accumulator
BCC* Branch on Carry Clear (Pe = O)
BCS* Branch on Carry Set (Pe = 1)
BEQ Branch if Equal (Pz = 1)
BIT Bit Test
BMI Branch if Result Minus (PN = 1)
BNE Branch if Not Equal (Pz = 0)
BPL Branch if Result Plus (PN = 0)
BRA Branch Always
BRK Force Break
BRL Branch Always Long
BVC Branch on Overflow Clear (Pv = 0)
BVS Branch on Overflow Set (Pv = 1)
CLC Clear Carry Flag
CLD Clear Decimal Mode
CLI Clear Interrupt Disable Bit
CLV Clear Overflow Flag
CMP* Compare Memory and Accumulator
COP Coprocessor
CPX Compare Memory and Index X
CPY Compare Memory and Index Y
DEC* Decrement Memory or Accumulator by One
DEX Decrement Index X by One
DEY Decrement Index Y by One
EOR Exclusive "OR" Memory with Accumulator
INC* Increment Memory or Accumulator by One
INX Increment Index X by One
INY Increment Index Y by One
JML** Jump Long
JMP Jump to New Location
JSL** Jump Subroutine Long
JSR Jump to New Location Saving Return Address
LDA Load Accumulator with Memory
LDX Load Index X with Memory
LDY Load Index Y with Memory
LSR Shift One Bit Right (Memory or Accumulator)
MVN Block Move Negative
MVP Block Move Positive
NOP No Operation
ORA "OR" Memory with Accumulator
PEA Push Effective Absolute Address on Stack (or Push Immediate Data on Stack)
PEI Push Effective Indirect Address on Stack (add one cycle if DL f 0)
PER Push Effective Program Counter Relative Address on Stack
PHA Push Accumulator on Stack
PHB Push Data Bank Register on Stack
PHD Push Direct Register on Stack
PHK Push Program Bank Register on Stack
PHP Push Processor Status on Stack
PHX Push Index X on Stack
PHY Push index Y on Stack
PLA Pull Accumulator from Stack
PLB Pull Data Bank Register from Stack
PLD Pull Direct Register from Stack
PLP Pull Processor Status from Stack
PLX Pull Index X from Stack
PLY Pull Index Y form Stack
REP Reset Status Bits
ROL Rotate One Bit Left (Memory or Accumulator)
ROR Rotate One Bit Right (Memory or Accumulator)
RTI Return from Interrupt
RTL Return from Subroutine Long
RTS Return from Subroutine
SBC Subtract Memory from Accumulator with Borrow
SEC Set Carry Flag
SED Set Decimal Mode
SEI Set Interrupt Disable Status
SEP Set Processor Status Bits
STA Store Accumulator in Memory
STP Stop the Clock
STX Store Index X in Memory
STY Store Index Y in Memory
STZ Store Zero in Memory
TAX Transfer Accumulator to Index X
TAY Transfer Accumulator to Index Y
TCD* Transfer Accumulator to Direct Register
TCS* Transfer Accumulator to Stack Pointer Register
TDC* Transfer Direct Register to Accumulator
TRB Test and Reset Bit
TSB Test and Set Bit
TSC* Transfer Stack Pointer Register to Accumulator
TSX Transfer Stack Pointer Register to Index X
TXA Transfer Index X to Accumulator
TXS Transfer Index X to Stack Polnter Register
TXY Transfer Index X to Index Y
TYA Transfer Index Y to Accumulator
TYX Transfer Index Y to Index X
WAI Wait for Interrupt
XBA* Exchange AH and AL
XCE Exchange Carry and Emulation Bits
*) Common Mnemonic Aliases
Mnemonic Alias
BCC BLT
BCS BGE
CMP CPA
DEC A DEA
INC A INA
TCD TAD
TCS TAS
TDC TDA
TSC TSA
XBA SWA
**) JSL should be recognized as equivalent to JSR
when it is specified with long absolute addresses.
JML is equivalent to JMP with long addressing forced.
-13-
Table 5. Arithmetic and Logical Instructions
Mne- Operation Addressing Mode Status
monic M/X E=1 or E = 0 and dir, dir, (dir) (dir, (dir) [dir] abs abs, abs, absl absl d,s (d,s)
E=0 and M/X=1 M/X = 0 Immed Accu dir x y x) ,y x y ,x ,y N V M X D I Z C
ADC Pm AL + B + Pc -> AL A + W + Pc -> A 69 65 75 72 61 71 67 6D 7D 79 6F 7F 63 73 N V . . . . Z C
AND Pm AL /\B -> AL A /\W -> A 29 25 35 32 21 31 27 2D 3D 39 2F 3F 23 33 N . . . . . Z .
ASL Pm Pc <-B <- 0 Pc <- W <- 0 0A 06 16 0E 1E N . . . . . Z C
BIT Pm AL /\B A /\W 89 24 34 2C 3C N V . . . . Z .
CMP Pm AL - B A - W C9 C5 D5 D2 C1 D1 C7 CD DD D9 CF DF C3 D3 N . . . . . Z C
CPX Px XL - B X - W E0 E4 EC N . . . . . Z C
CPY Px YL - B Y - W C0 C4 CC N . . . . . Z C
DEC Pm B - 1 -> B W - 1 -> W 3A C6 D6 CE DE N . . . . . Z .
EOR Pm AL V- B -> AL A V- W -> A 49 45 55 52 41 51 47 4D 5D 59 4F 5F 43 53 N . . . . . Z .
INC Pm B + 1 -> B W + 1 -> W 1A E6 F6 EE FE N . . . . . Z .
LDA Pm B -> AL W -> A A9 A5 B5 B2 A1 B1 B7 AD BD B9 AF BF A3 B3 N . . . . . Z .
LDX Px B -> XL W -> X A2 A6 B6 AE BE N . . . . . Z .
LDY Px B -> YL W -> Y A0 A4 B4 AC BC N . . . . . Z .
LSR Pm 0 -> B -> Pc 0 -> W -> Pc 4A 46 56 4E 5E 0 . . . . . Z C
ORA Pm AL V B -> AL A V W -> A 09 05 15 12 01 11 17 0D 1D 19 0F 1F 03 13 N . . . . . Z .
ROL Pm Pc <- B <- Pc Pc <- W <- Pc 2A 26 36 2E 3E N . . . . . Z C
ROR Pm Pc -> B -> Pc Pc -> W -> Pc 6A 66 76 6E 7E N . . . . . Z C
SBC Pm AL - B - Pc -> AL A - W - Pc -> A E9 E5 F5 F2 E1 F1 F7 ED FD F9 EF FF E3 F3 N V . . . . Z C
STA Pm AL -> B A -> W 85 95 92 81 91 97 8D 9D 99 8F 9F 83 93 . . . . . . . .
STX Px XL -> B X -> W 86 96 8E . . . . . . . .
STY Px YL -> B Y -> W 84 94 8C . . . . . . . .
STZ Pm 0 -> B 0 -> W 64 74 9C 9E . . . . . . . .
TRB Pm /AL /\ B -> B /A /\ W -> W 14 1C . . . . . . Z .
TSB Pm AL V B -> B A V W -> W 04 0C . . . . . . Z .
V logical OR B byte per effective address
/\ logical AND W word per effective address
V- logical exclusive OR r relative offset
+ arithmetic addition A Accumulator, AL low half of Accumulator
- arithmetic subtraction X Index Register, XL low half of X register
!= not equal Y Index Register, YL low half of Y register
. status bit not affected Pc carry bit
/ negation M/X effective mode bit in Status Register (Pm or Px)
Ws word per stack pointer
Bs byte per stack pointer
Notes:
BIT instruction does not affect N and V flags when using immediate
addressing mode. When using other addressing modes, the N and V flags
are respectively set to bits 7 and 6 or 15 and 14 of the addressed memory
depending on mode (byte or word).
For all Read/Modify/Write instruction addressing modes except accumulator
Add 2 cycles for E=1 or E=0 and Pm=1 (8-bit mode)
Add 3 cycles for E=0 and Pm=0 (16-bit mode).
Add one cycle when indexing across page boundary and E=1 except for STA and
STZ instructions.
If E=1 then 1 -> SH and XL -> SL If E=0 then X -> S regardless of Pm or Px.
Exchanges the carry (Pc) and E bits. Whenever the E bit is set the following
registers and status bits are locked into the indicated state:
XH=0, YH=0, SH=1, Pm=1, Px=1.
Add 1 cycle if branch is taken. In Emulation (E= 1 ) mode only --add 1 cycle
if the branch is taken and crosses a page boundary.
Add 1 cycle in Emulation mode (E=1) for (dir),y; abs,x; and abs,y addressing
modes.
With TSB and TRB instruction, the Z flag is set or cleared by the result
of AAB or AAW.
For all Read/Modify/Write instruction addressing modes except accumulator --
Add 2 cycles for E=1 or E=0 and Pm=1 (8-bit mode)
Add 3 cycles for E=0 and Pm=0 (16-bit mode).
Table 6. Branch, Transter, Push, Pull, and Implied Addressing Mode Instructions
Operation Operation Status
Mnemonic Bytes M/X Cycles 8 Bit Cycles 16 Bit Implied Stack Relative N V M X D I Z C Mnemonic
BCC (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC 90 . . . . . . . . BCC
BCS (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC B0 . . . . . . . . BCS
BEQ (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC F0 . . . . . . . . BEQ
BMI (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC 30 . . . . . . . . BMI
BNE (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC D0 . . . . . . . . BNE
BPL (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC 10 . . . . . . . . BPL
BRA (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC 80 . . . . . . . . BRA
BVC (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC 50 . . . . . . . . BVC
BVS (6) 2 - 2 PC+r -> PC 2 PC+r -> PC 70 . . . . . . . . BVS
CLC 1 - 2 0 -> Pc 2 0 -> Pc 18 . . . . . . . 0 CLC
CLD 1 - 2 0 -> Pd 2 0 -> Pd D8 . . . . 0 . . . CLD
CLI 1 - 2 0 -> Pi 2 0 -> Pi 58 . . . . . 0 . . CLI
CLV 1 - 2 0 -> Pv 2 O -> Pv B8 . 0 . . . . . . CLV
DEX 1 Px 2 XL - 1 -> XL 2 X - 1 -> X CA N . . . . . Z . DEX
DEY 1 Px 2 YL - 1 -> YL 2 Y - 1 ->Y 88 N . . . . . Z . DEY
INX 1 Px 2 XL + 1 -> XL 2 X + 1 -> X E8 N . . . . . Z . INX
INY 1 Px 2 YL + 1 -> YL 2 Y + 1 -> Y C8 N . . . . . Z . INY
NOP 1 - 2 no operation 2 no operation EA . . . . . . . . NOP
PEA 3 - 5 W->Ws, S-2 ->S 5 same F4 . . . . . . . . PEA
PEI 2 - 6 W->Ws, S-2 ->S 6 same D4 . . . . . . . . PEI
PER 3 - 6 W ->Ws, S-2 ->S 6 same 62 . . . . . . . . PER
PHA 1 Pm 3 AL->Bs, S-1 ->S 4 A ->Ws, S-2 ->S 48 . . . . . . . . PHA
PHB 1 - 3 DB->Bs, S-1 ->S 3 same 8B . . . . . . . . PHB
PHD 1 - 4 D ->Ws, S-2 ->S 4 same OB . . . . . . . . PHD
PHK 1 - 3 PB->Bs, S-1 ->S same 4B . . . . . . . . PHK
PHP 1 - 3 P ->Bs, S-1 ->S 3 same 08 . . . . . . . . PHP
PHX 1 Px 3 XL->Bs, S-1 ->S 4 X-Ws, S-2 -> S DA . . . . . . . . PHX
PHY 1 Px 3 YL->Bs, S-1 ->S 4 Y ->Ws, S-2 ->S 5A . . . . . . . . PHY
PLA 1 Pm 4 S+1 ->S, Bs -> AL 5 S+2 ->S, Ws->A 68 N . . . . . Z . PLA
PLB 1 - 4 S+1 ->S, Bs -> DB 4 same AB N . . . . . Z . PLB
PLD 1 - 5 S+2 ->S, Ws -> D 5 same 2B N . . . . . Z . PLD
PLP 1 - 4 S+1 ->S, Bs -> P 4 same 28 N V M X D I Z C PLP
PLX 1 Px 4 S+1 ->S, Bs -> XL 5 S+2 ->S, Ws->X FA N . . . . . Z . PLX
PLY 1 Px 4 S+1 ->S, Bs -> YL 5 S+2 ->S, Ws->Y 7A N . . . . . Z . PLY
SEC 1 - 2 1 -> Pc 2 1 -> Pc 38 . . . . . . . 1 SEC
SED 1 - 2 1 -> Pd 2 1 -> Pd F8 . . . . 1 . . . SED
SEI 1 - 2 1 -> Pi 2 1 -> Pi 78 . . . . . 1 . . SEI
TAX 1 Px 2 AL -> XL 2 A -> X AA N . . . . . Z . TAX
TAY 1 Px 2 AL -> YL 2 A -> Y A8 N . . . . . Z . TAY
TCD 1 - 2 A -> D 2 A -> D 5B N . . . . . Z . TCD
TCS 1 - 2 A -> S A -> S 1B . . . . . . . . TCS
TDC 1 - 2 D -> A 2 D -> A 7B N . . . . . Z . TDC
TSC 1 - 2 S -> A 2 S -> A 3B N . . . . . Z . TSC
TSX 1 Px 2 SL -> XL 2 S -> X BA N . . . . . Z . TSX
TXA 1 Pm 2 XL -> AL 2 X -> A 8A N . . . . . Z . TXA
TXS 1 - 2 see note 4 2 X -> S 9A . . . . . . . . TXS
TXY 1 Px 2 XL -> YL 2 X -> Y 9B N . . . . . Z . TXY
TYA 1 Pm 2 YL -> AL 2 Y -> A 98 N . . . . . Z . TYA
TYX 1 Px 2 YL -> XL 2 Y -> X BB N . . . . . Z . TYX
XCE 1 - 2 see note 5 2 see note 5 FB . . . . . . . C XCE
See Notes on page 13.
Table 7. Other Addressing Mode Instructions
Status
Mnemonic Addressing Mode Opcode Cycles Bytes N V M X D I Z C Mnemonic Function
BRK stack 00 7/8 2 . . . . 0 1 . . BRK See discussion in Interrupt Processing Sequence section.
BRL relative long 82 3 3 . . . . . . . . BRL PC+r -> PC where -32768 < r < 32767.
COP stack 02 7/8 2 . . . . 0 1 . . COP See discussion in Interrupt Processing Sequence section.
JML absolute indirect DC 6 3 JMLW -> PC, B-PB
JMP absolute 4C 3 3 . . . . . . . . JMP W -> PC
JMP absolute indirect 6C 5 3 . . . . . . . . JMP W -> PC
JMP absolute indexed indirect 7C 6 3 . . . . . . . . JMP W -> PC
JMP absolute long 5C 4 4 JMP W -> PC, B -> PB
JSL absolute long 22 8 4 . . . . . . . . JSL PB -> Bs, S-1 -S, PC -> Ws, S-2 -> S, W -> PC, B -> PB
JSR absolute 20 6 3 . . . . . . . JSR PC -> Ws, S-2 -> S, W -> PC
JSR absolute indexed indirect FC 6 3 . . . . . . . . JSR PC -> Ws, S-2 -> S, W -> PC
MVN block 54 7/byte 3 . . . . . . . . MVN See discussion in Addressing Mode section
MVP block 44 7/byte 3 . . . . . . . . MVP
REP immediate C2 3 2 N V M X D I Z C REP P /\ /B -> P
RTI stack 40 6/7 1 N V M X D I Z C RTI S+1 -> S, Bs -> P, S+2 -> S, Ws -> PC,
if E=0 then S+1 -> S, Bs -> PB
RTL stack 6B 6 1 . . . . . . . . RTL S+2 -> S, Ws~1 -> PC, S+1 -> S, Bs -> PB
RTS stack 60 6 1 . . . . . . . . RTS S+2 -> S, Ws+1 -> PC
SEP immediate E2 3 2 N V M X D I Z C SEP PVB -> P
STP implied DB 3+ 1 . . . . . . . . STP Stop the clock. Requires reset to continue.
WAI implied CB 3+ 1 . . . . . . . . WAI Wait for inte-rupt. RDY held low until Interrupt.
XBA implied EB 3 1 N . . . . . Z . XBA Swap AH and AL. Status bits reflect final condition of AL.
Notes on page 13.
16
Table 8. Opcode Matrix
MSD LSD MSD
--+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
0 | BRK s |ORA(d,x)| COP s | ORA d,s | TSB d | ORA d | ASL d | ORA [d] | PHP s | ORA # | ASL A | PHD s | TSB a | ORA a | ASL a | ORA al | 0
| 2 8 | 2 6 | 2 8 | 2 4 | 2 5 | 2 3 | 2 5 | 2 6 | 1 3 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 4 | 3 6 | 3 4 | 3 6 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
1 | BPL r |ORA(d),y| ORA(d) |ORA(d,s),y| TRB d | ORA d,x| ASL d,x|ORA [d],y| CLC i | ORA a,y| INC A | TCS i | TRB a | ORA a,x| ASL a,x| ORA al,x| 1
| 2 2 | 2 5 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 2 5 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 1 2 | 1 2 | 3 6 | 3 4 | 3 7 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
2 | JSR a |AND(d,x)| JSL al | AND d,s | BIT d | AND d | ROL d | AND [d] | PLP s | AND # | ROL A | PLD s | BIT a | AND a | ROL a | AND al | 2
| 3 6 | 2 6 | 4 8 | 2 4 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 5 | 2 6 | 1 4 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 5 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 3 6 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
3 | BMI r |AND(d),y| AND (d)|AND(d,s),y| BIT d,x| AND d,x| ROL d,x|AND [d],y| SEC i | AND a,y| DEC A | TSC i | BIT a,x| AND a,x| ROL a,x| AND al,x| 3
| 2 2 | 2 5 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 2 4 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 1 2 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 3 7 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
4 | RTI s |EOR(d,x)| reserve| EOR d,s | MVP xya| EOR d | LSR d | EOR [d] | PHA s | EOR # | LSR A | PHK s | JMP a | EOR a | LSR a | EOR al | 4
| 1 7 | 2 6 | 2 2 | 2 4 | 3 7 | 2 3 | 2 5 | 2 6 | 1 3 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 3 | 3 4 | 3 6 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
5 | BVC r |EOR(d),y| EOR (d)|EOR(d,s),y| MVN xya| EOR d,x| LSR d,x|EOR [d],y| CLI i | EOR a,y| PHY s | TCD i | JMP al | EORa,x | LSRa,x | EOR al,x| 5
| 2 2 | 2 5 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 3 7 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 1 3 | 1 2 | 4 4 | 3 4 | 3 7 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
6 | RTS s |ADC(d,x)| PER s | ADC d,s | STZ d | ADC d | ROR d | ADC [d] | PLA s | ADC # | ROR A | RTL s | JMP (a)| ADC a | ROR a | ADC al | 6
| 1 6 | 2 6 | 3 6 | 2 4 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 5 | 2 6 | 1 4 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 6 | 3 5 | 3 4 | 3 6 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
7 | BVS r |ADC(d),y| ADC (d)|ADC(d,s),y| STZ d,x| ADC d,x| ROR d,x|ADC [d],y| SEI i | ADC a,y| PLY s | TDC i |JMP(a,x)| ADC a,x| ROR a,x| ADC al,x| 7
| 2 2 | 2 5 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 2 4 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 1 4 | 1 2 | 3 6 | 3 4 | 3 7 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
8 | BRA r |STA(d,x)| BRL rl | STA d,s | STY d | STA d | STX d | STA [d] | DEY i | BIT # | TXA i | PHB s | STY a | STA a | STX a | STA al | 8
| 2 2 | 2 6 | 3 3 | 2 4 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
9 | BCC r |STA(d),y| STA (d)|STA(d,s),y| STYd,x | STA d,x| STX d,y|STA [d],y| TYA i | STA a,y| TXS i | TXY i | STZ a | STA a,x| STZ a,x| STA al,x| 9
| 2 2 | 2 6 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 2 4 | 2 4 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 5 | 1 2 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 3 5 | 3 5 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
A | LDY # |LDA(d,x)| LDX # | LDA d,s | LDY d | LDA d | LDX d | LDA [d] | TAY i | LDA # | TAX i | PLB s | LDY a | LDA a | LDX a | LDA al | A
| 2 2 | 2 6 | 2 2 | 2 4 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 4 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
B | BCS r |LDA(d),y| LDA (d)|LDA(d,s),y| LDY d,x| LDA d,x| LDX d,y|LDA [d],y| CLV i | LDA a,y| TSX i | TYX i | LDY a,x| LDA a,x| LDX a,y| LDA al,x| B
| 2 2 | 2 5 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 2 4 | 2 4 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 1 2 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
C | CPY # |CMP(d,x)| REP # | CMP d,s | CPY d | CMP d | DEC d | CMP [d] | INY i | CMP # | DEX i | WAI i | CPY a | CMP a | DEC a | CMP al | C
| 2 2 | 2 6 | 2 3 | 2 4 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 5 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
D | BNE r |CMP(d),y| CMP (d)|CMP(d,s),y| PEI s | CMP d,x| DEC d,x|CMP [d],y| CLD i | CMP a,y| PHX s | STP i | JML (a)| CMP a,x| DEC a,x| CMP al,x| D
| 2 2 | 2 5 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 2 6 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 1 3 | 1 3 | 3 6 | 3 4 | 3 7 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
E | CPX # |SBC(d,x)| SEP # | SBC d,s | CPX d | SBC d | INC d | SBC [d] | INX i | SBC # | NOP i | XBA i | CPX a | SBC a | INC a | SBC al | E
| 2 2 | 2 6 | 2 3 | 2 4 | 2 3 | 2 3 | 2 5 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 1 3 | 3 4 | 3 4 | 3 6 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
F | BEQ r |SBC(d),y| SBC (d)|SBC(d,s),y| PEA s | SBC d,x| INC d,x|SBC [d],y| SED i | SBC a,y| PLX s | XCE i |JSR(a,x)| SBC a,x| INC a,x| SBC al,x| F
| 2 2 | 2 5 | 2 5 | 2 7 | 3 5 | 2 4 | 2 6 | 2 6 | 1 2 | 3 4 | 1 4 | 1 2 | 3 6 | 3 4 | 3 7 | 4 5 |
|-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
--+-------+--------+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+---------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--
Symbol Addressing mode
# immediate
A accumulator
r program counter relative
rl program counter relative long
i implied
s stack
d direct
d,x direct indexed (with x)
d,y direct indexed (with y)
(d) direct Indirect
(d,x) direct indexed Indirect
(d),y direct Indirect indexed
[d] direct indirect long
[d],y direct indirect indexed long
a absolute
a,x absolute indexed (with x)
a,y absolute indexed (with y)
al absolute long
al,x absolute indexed long
d,s stack relative
(d,s),y stack relative indirect Indexed
(a) absolute indirect
(a,x) absoite Indxed Indirect
xya block move
Legend
Instruction mnemonic Addressing mode
Base number of base number Cycles
of bytes
Table 9. Detailed Instruction Operation
ADDRESS MODE
CYCLE /VP /ML VDA VPA ADDRESS BUS DATA BUS R/W
1 Immediate -- #
(LDY,CPY,CPX,LDX,ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,BIT,LDA,CMP,SBC,REP,SEP)
(14 Op Codes)
(2 and 3 bytes)
(2 and 3 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 IDL 1
2a 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 IDH 1
2a Absolute -- a
(BIT,STY,STZ,LDY,CPY,CPX,STX,LDX,ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(16 Op Codes)
(3 bytes)
(4 and 5 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
4 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA Data Low 1/0
(1) 4a 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+1 Data High 1/0
2b Absolute (R-M-W) -- a
(ASL,ROL,LSR,ROR,DEC,INC,TSB,TRB)
(8 Op Codes)
(3 bytes)
(6 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBA,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
4 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA Data Low 1
(1) 4a 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA+1 Data High 1
(3) 5 1 0 0 0 DBR,AA+2 IO 1
(1) 6a 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA+3 Data Hiqh 0
6 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA Data Low 0
2c Absolute(JUMP) -- a
(JMP)(4C)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(3 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 NEW PCL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 NEW PCH 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NEWPC New Op Code 1
2d Absolute (Jump to subroutine) -- a
(JSR)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(6 cycles)
(different order from N6502)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBA,PC+1 NEW FCC 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 NEW PCH 1
4 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2 IO 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,S PCH 0
6 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 PCL 0
1 1 1 1 1 PBA,NEWPC New Op Code 1
3a Absolute Long -- al
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(4 bytes)
(5 and 6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
4 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+3 AAB 1
5 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA Data Low 1/0
(1) 5a 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA+1 Data High 1/0
3b Absolute Long (JUMP) -- al
(JMP)
(1 Op Code)
(4 bytes)
(4 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 NEW PCL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 NEW PCH 1
4 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+3 NEW BR 1
1 1 1 1 1 NEW PBR,PC New Op Code 1
3c Absolute Long (Jump to Subroutine Long) -- al
(JSL)
(1 Op Code)
(4 bytes)
(7 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 NEW PCL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 NEW PCH 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S PBR 0
5 1 1 0 0 0,S IO 1
6 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+3 NEW PBR 1
7 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 PCH 0
8 1 1 1 0 0,S-2 FCL 0
1 1 1 1 1 NEW PBR,PC New Op Code 1
4a Direct -- d
(BIT,STZ,STY,LDY,CPY,CPX,STX,LDX,ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(16 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(3,4 and 5 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2 IO 1
3 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO Data Low 1/0
(1) 3a 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+1 Data High 1/0
4b Direct (R-M-W) -- d
(ASL,ROL,LSR,ROR,DEC,INC,TSB,TRB)
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(5,6,7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 3a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 0 1 0 0,D+DO Data Low 1
(1) 3a 1 0 1 0 0,D+DO+1 Data High 1
(3) 4 1 0 0 0 0,D+DO+1 IO 1
(1) 5a 1 0 1 0 0,D+D0+1 Data High 0
5 1 0 1 0 0,D+DO Data Low 0
5 Accumurator -- A
(ASL,INC,ROL,DEC,LSR,ROR)
(6 Op Codes)
(1 byte)
(2 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op COde 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
6a Implied -- i
(DEY,INY,INX,DEX,NOP,XCE,TYA,TAY,TXA,TXS,TAX,TSX,TCS,TSC,TCD,TDC,
TXY,TYX,CLC,SEC,CLI,SEI,CLV,CLD,SED)
(25 Op Codes)
(1 byte)
(2 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
*6b Implied -- i
(XBA)
(1 Op Code)
(1 byte)
(3 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
ADDRESS MODE
CYCLE /VP /ML VDA VPA RDY ADDRESS BUS DATA BUS R/W
6c Wait for Interrupt
(WAI)
(1 Op Code)
(1 byte)
(3 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
(9) 2 1 1 0 0 1 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
IRQ,NMI 1 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC+1 IRO(BRK) 1
6d Stop-The-Clock
(STP)
(1 Op Code)
(1 byte)
(3 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 1 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
RES=1 3 1 1 0 0 1 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
RES=0 1c 1 1 0 0 1 PBR,PC+1 RES(BRK) 1
RES=0 1b 1 1 0 0 1 PBR,PC+1 RES(BRK) 1
RES=1 1a 1 1 0 0 1 PBR,PC+1 RES(BRK) 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC+1 BEGIN 1
See 21a Stack (Hardware interrupt)
ADDRESS MODE
CYCLE /VP /ML VDA VPA ADDRESS BUS DATA BUS R/W
7 Direct Indirect Indexed -- (d),y
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(5,6,7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO AAL 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+1 AAH 1
(4) 4a 1 1 0 0 DBR,AAH,AAL+YL IO 1
5 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+Y Data Low 1/0
(1) 5a 1 1 1 1 DBR,AA+Y+1 Data High 1/0
8 Direct Indirect Indexed Long -- [d],y
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(6,7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO AAL 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+1 AAH 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+2 AAB 1
6 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA+Y Data Low 1/0
(1) 6a 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA+Y+1 Data High 1/0
9 Direct Indexed Indirect -- (d,x)
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(6,7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
a 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+X AAL 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+X+1 AAH 1
6 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA Data Low 1/0
(1) 6a 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+1 Data High 1/0
10a Direct,X -- d,x
(BIT,STZ,STY,LDY,ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(12 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(4,5 and 6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+X Data Low 1/0
(1) 4a 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+X+1 Data High 1/0
10b Direct,X (R-M-W) -- d,x
(ASL,ROL,LSR,ROR,DEC,INC)
(6 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(6,7,8 and 9 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 0 1 0 0,D+DO+X Data Low 1
(1) 4a 1 0 1 0 0,D+DO+X+1 Data High 1
(3) 5 1 0 0 0 0,D+DO+X+1 IO 1
(1) 6a 1 0 1 0 0,D+DO+X+1 Data High 0
6 1 0 1 0 0,D+DO+X Data Low 0
11 Direct,Y -- d,y
(STX,LDX)
(2 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(4,5 and 6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+Y Data Low 1/0
(1) 4a 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+Y+1 Data High 1/0
12a Absolute,X -- a,x
(BlT,LDY,STZ,ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(11 Op Codes)
(3 bytes)
(4,5 and 6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
(4) 3a 1 1 0 0 DBR,AAH,AAL+XL IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+X Data Low 1/0
(1) 4a 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+X+1 Data High 1/0
12b Absolute,X (R-M-W) -- a,x
(ASC,ROL,LSR,ROR,DEC,INC)
(6 Op Codes)
(3 bytes)
(7 and 9 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
4 1 1 0 0 DBR,AAH,AAL+XL IO 1
5 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA+X Data Low 1
(1) 5a 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA+X+1 Data High 1
(3) 6 1 0 0 0 DBR,AA+X+1 lO 1
(1) 7a 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA+X+1 Data High 0
7 1 0 1 0 DBR,AA+X Data Low 0
*13 Absolute Long,X -- al,x
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(4 bytes)
(5 and 6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+7 AAH 1
4 1 1 0 1 PBA,PC+3 AAB 1
5 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA+X Data Low 1/0
(1) 5a 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA+X+1 Data High 1/0
14 Absolute,Y -- a,y
(LDX,ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(9 Op Codes)
(3 bytes)
(4,5 and 6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
(4) 3a 1 1 0 0 DBR,AAH,AAL+YL IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+Y Data Low 1/0
(1) 4a 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+Y+1 Data High 1/0
15 Relative -- r
(BPL,BMI,BVC,BVS,BCC,BCS,BNE,BEQ,BRA)
(9 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(2,3 and 1 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 Offset 1
(5) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2 IO 1
(61 2b 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2+OFF IO 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NewPC New Op Code 1
*16 Relative Long -- rl
(BRL)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(4 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 Offset Low 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 Offset High 1
4 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2 IO 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NewPC New Op Code 1
17a Absolute Indirect -- (a)
(JMP)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(5 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,AA NEW PCL 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,AA+1 NEW PCH 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NewPC New Op Code 1
*17b Absolute Indirect -- (a)
(JML)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAH 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,AA NEW PCL 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,AA+1 NEW PCH 1
6 1 1 1 0 0,AA+2 NEW PBR 1
1 1 1 1 1 NEW PBR,PC New Op Code 1
**18 Direct Indirect -- (d)
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(5,6 and 7 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO AAL 1
1 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+1 AAH 1
5 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA Data Low 1/0
(1) 5a 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+1 Data Low 1/0
*19 Direct Indirect Long -- [d]
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(6,7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO AAL 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+1 AAH 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+2 AAB 1
6 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA Data Low 1/0
(1) 6a 1 1 1 0 AAB,AA+1 Data High 1/0
20a Absolute Indexed Indirect -- (a,x)
(JMP)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
4 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2 IO 1
5 1 1 0 1 PBR,AA+X NEW PCL 1
6 1 1 0 1 PBR,AA+X+1 NEW PCH 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NEWPC New Op Code 1
*20b Absolute Indered Indirect (Jump to Subroutine Indexed Indirect) -- (a,x)
(JSR)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 1 0 0,S PCH 0
4 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 PCL 0
5 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
6 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2 IO 1
7 1 1 0 1 PBR,AA+X NEW PCL 1
8 1 1 0 1 PBR,AA+X+1 NEW PCH 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NEWPC New Op Code 1
21a Stack (Hardware Interrupts) -- s
(IRQ,NMI,ABORT,RES)
(4 hardware Interrupts)
(0 bytes)
(7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC IO 1
(3) 2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC IO 1
(7) 3 1 1 1 0 0,S PBR 0
(10) 4 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 PCH 0
(10) 5 1 1 1 0 0,S-2 PCL 0
(10,11) 6 1 1 1 0 0,S-3 P 0
7 0 1 1 0 0,VA AAVL 1
8 0 1 1 0 0,VA+1 AAVH 1
1 1 1 1 1 0,AAV New Op Code 1
21b Stack (Software Interrupts) -- s
(BRK,COP)
(2 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
(3) 2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 Signature 1
(7) 3 1 1 1 0 0,S PBR 0
4 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 PCH 0
5 1 1 1 0 0,S-2 PCL 0
6 1 1 1 0 0,S-3 (COP Latches) P 0
7 0 1 1 0 0,VA AAVL 1
8 0 1 1 0 0,VA+1 AAVH 1
1 1 1 1 1 0,AAV New Op Code 1
21c Stack (Return from Interrupt) -- s
(RTI)
(1 Op Code)
(1 byte)
(6 and 7 cycles)
(different order from N6502)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
(3) 3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S+1 P 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,S+2 New PCL 1
6 1 1 1 0 0,S+3 New PCH 1
(7) 7 1 1 1 0 0,S+4 PBR 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NewPC New Op Code 1
21d Stack (Return from Subroutine) -- s
(RTS)
(1 Op Code)
(1 byte)
(6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S+1 New PCL-1 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,S+2 New PCH 1
6 1 1 0 0 0,S+2 IO 1
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,NewPC New Op Code 1
*21e Stack (Return from Subroutine Long) -- s
(RTL)
(1 Op Code)
(1 byte)
(6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S+1 NEW PCL 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,S+2 NEW PCH 1
6 1 1 1 0 0,S+3 NEW PBR 1
1 1 1 1 1 NEWPBR,PC New Op Code 1
21f Stack (Push) -- s
(PHP,PHA,PHY,PHX,PHD,PHK,PHB)
(7 Op Codes)
(1 byte)
(3 and 4 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3a 1 1 1 0 0,S Register High 0
3 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 Register Low 0
21g Stack (Pull) -- s
(PLP,PLA,PLY,PLX,PLD,PLB)
(Different than N6502)
(6 Op Codes)
(1 byte)
(4 and 5 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S+1 Register Low 1
(1) 4a 1 1 1 0 0,S+2 Register High 1
*21h Stack (Push Effective Indirect Address) -- s
(PEI)
(1 Op Code)
(2 bytes)
(6 and 7 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DO 1
(2) 2a 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
3 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO AAL 1
d 1 1 1 0 0,D+DO+1 AAH 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,S AAH 0
6 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 AAL 0
*21i Stack (Push Effective Absolute Address) -- s
(PEA)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(5 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 AAL 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 AAH 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S AAH 0
5 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 AAL 0
*21j Stack (Push Effective Program Counter Relative Address) -- s
(PER)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(6 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 Offset Low 1
3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 Offset High 1
4 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+2 IO 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,S PCH+Offset+CARRY 0
6 1 1 1 0 0,S-1 PCL + Offset 0
*22 Stace Relative -- d,s
(ORA,AND,EOR,ADC,STA,LDA,CMP,SBC)
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(4 and 5 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 SO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S+SO Data Low 1/0
(1) 4a 1 1 1 0 0,S+SO+1 Data High 1/0
*23 Stack Relative Indirect Indexed -- (d,s),y
(8 Op Codes)
(2 bytes)
(7 and 8 cycles)
1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 SO 1
3 1 1 0 0 PBR,PC+1 IO 1
4 1 1 1 0 0,S+SO AAL 1
5 1 1 1 0 0,S+SO+1 AAH 1
6 1 1 0 0 0,S+SO+1 IO 1
7 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+Y Data Low 1/0
(1) 7a 1 1 1 0 DBR,AA+Y+1 Data High 1/0
*24a Block Move Positive (forward) -- xyc
(MVP)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(7 cycles)
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
| 2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DBA 1
| 3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 SBA 1
N-2 | 4 1 1 1 0 SBA,X Source Data 1
Byte | 5 1 1 1 0 DBA,Y Dest Data 0
C=2 | 6 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y IO 1
+- 7 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y IO 1
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
| 2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DBA 1
N-1 | 3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 SBA 1
Byte | 4 1 1 1 0 SBA,X-1 Source Data 1
C=1 | 5 1 1 1 0 DBA,Y-1 Dest Data 0
| 6 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y-1 IO 1
+- 7 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y-1 IO 1
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
| 2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DBA 1
N Byte | 3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 SBA 1
Last | 4 1 1 1 0 SBA,X-2 Source Data 1
C=0 | 5 1 1 1 0 DBA,Y-2 Dest Data 0
| 6 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y-2 IO 1
| 7 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y-2 IO 1
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC+3 New Op Code 1
x = Source Address
y = Destination
c = Number of Bytes to move -1
x,y Decrement
MVP is used when the destination start address is higher (more positive)
than the source start address.
FFFFFF
^ Dest Start
| Source Start
| Dest End
| Source End
000000
*24b, Block Move Negative (backward) -- xyc
(MVN)
(1 Op Code)
(3 bytes)
(7 cycles)
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
| 2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DBA 1
| 3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 SBA 1
N-2 | 4 1 1 1 0 SBA,X Source Data 1
Byte | 5 1 1 1 0 DBA,Y Dest Data 0
C=2 | 6 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y IO 1
+- 7 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y IO 1
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
| 2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DBA 1
N-1 | 3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 SBA 1
Byte | 4 1 1 1 0 SBA,X+1 Source Data 1
C=1 | 5 1 1 1 0 DBA,Y+1 Dest Data 0
| 6 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y+1 IO 1
+- 7 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y+1 IO 1
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC Op Code 1
| 2 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+1 DBA 1
N Byte | 3 1 1 0 1 PBR,PC+2 SBA 1
Last | 4 1 1 1 0 SBA,X+2 Source Data 1
C=0 | 5 1 1 1 0 DBA,Y+2 Dest Data 0
| 6 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y+2 IO 1
| 7 1 1 0 0 DBA,Y+2 IO 1
+- 1 1 1 1 1 PBR,PC+3 New Op Code 1
x = Source Address
y = Destination
c = Number of Bytes to move -1
x,y Increment
MVN is used when the destination start address is lower (more negative)
than the source start address.
FFFFFF
| Source End
| Dest End
| Source Start
v Dest Start
000000
Notes
(1) Add 1 byte (for immediate only) for M=O or X=O (i.e. 16 bit data),
add 1 cycle for M=O or X=0.
(2) Add 1 cycle for direct register low (DL) not equal 0.
(3) Special case for aborting instruction. This is the last cycle which
may be aborted or the Status, PBR or DBR registers will be updated.
(4) Add 1 cycle for indexing across page boundaries, or write, or X=0.
When X=1 or in the emulation mode, this cycle contains invalid
addresses.
(5) Add 1 cycle if branch is taken.
(6) Add 1 cycle if branch is taken across page boundaries in 6502 emutation
mode (E=1).
(7) Subtract 1 cycle for 6502 emulation mode (E=1).
(8) Add 1 cycle lor REP, SEP.
(9) Wait at cycle 2 for 2 cycles after /NMI or /IRQ active input.
(10) R/W remains high during Reset.
(11) BRK bit 4 equals "0" in Emulation mode.
Abbreviations
AAB Absolute Address Bank
AAH Absolute Address High
AAL Absolute Address Low
AAVH Absolute Address Vector High
AAVL Absolute Address Vector Low
C Accumulator
D Direct Register
DBA Destination Bank Address
DBR Data Bank Register
DO Direct Offset
IDH Immediate Data High
IDL Immediate Data Low
IO Internal Operation
P Status Register
PBR Program Bank Register
PC Program Counter
R-M-W Read-Modify-Write
S Stack Address
SBA Source Bank Address
SO Stack Offset
VA Vector Address
x, y Index Registers
* New G65SC816/802 Addressing Modes
** New G65SC02 Addressing Modes
Blank NMOS 6502 Addressing Modes
}
